UNIT- I Program Design: Introduction- fundamental design concepts - Modules and modularization criteria - Design
notation: Procedure template, Pseudo code - Structured flow chart decision. Tables - Design techniques: Stepwise
refinement, Levels of abstraction, Top down- Test plans-Design guidelines. Characteristics of programming
languages, Factors influencing the evolution of programming language, Development in programming
methodologies, desirable features and design issues.
UNIT-II Programming language processors: Structure and operations of translators, software simulated computer, syntax,
semantics, structure, virtual computers, binding and binding time. Data types: Properties of types and objects –
elementary data types – structured data types. Abstraction: Abstract data types – encapsulation by subprograms –
type definition – storage Management.
UNIT- III Functional programming languages: Introduction, fundamentals of FPL, LISP, ML, Haskell, application of
Functional programming languages and comparison of functional and imperative languages.
UNIT-IV Neural Networks (Introduction & Architecture): Neuron, Nerve structure and synapse, Artificial neuron and its
model, activation functions, Neural network architecture: single layer and multilayer feed forward networks,
recurrent networks. Various learning techniques; perception and convergence rule, Auto-associative and hetroassociative
memory.
UNIT-V Fuzzy Logic (Introduction): Basic concepts of fuzzy logic, fuzzy sets and crisp sets, fuzzy set theory and
operations, Properties of fuzzy sets, fuzzy and crisp relations, fuzzy to crisp conversion. Genetic Algorithm
(Introduction): Basic concepts, working principle, procedures of GA, flow chart of GA, Genetic representations
(encoding), Initialization and selection, Genetic operators, Mutation, Generational Cycle, applications.
